Given a Lyapunov characteristic exponent σ_i, the corresponding Lyapunov characteristic number λ_i is defined as λ_i congruent e^(σ_i). For an n-dimensional linear map, X_(n + 1) = M X_n. The Lyapunov characteristic numbers λ_1, ..., λ_n are the eigenvalues of the map matrix.

adiabatic invariant | chaos | Lyapunov characteristic exponent