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    Border Square

    Definition

    A magic square that remains magic when its border is removed. A nested magic square remains magic after the border is successively removed one ring at a time. An example of a nested magic square is the order 7 square illustrated above (i.e., the order 7, 5, and 3 squares obtained from it are all magic). The amazing square above is a 13×13 prime magic border square, so that the 11×11, 9×9, ..., and 3×3 subsquares are all also prime magic squares.

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