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Arithmetic is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of numbers, quantities, and the operations that can be performed on them. It is the foundation of algebra, which is the study of the general rules for manipulating equations and expressions.

Arithmetic involves the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as more advanced concepts such as exponents, radicals, and logarithms. It also includes the study of fractions, decimals, and percentages, as well as the relationship between these different types of numbers.

Arithmetic is a fundamental skill that is essential for everyday life, as it is used in a wide variety of applications, including financial transactions, measurement, and problem solving.

Definitions:

1. Number: A number is a mathematical object used to represent a quantity in a variety of contexts. There are two main types of numbers: natural numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) and integers (-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, etc.).
2. Operation: An operation is a mathematical process that combines two or more numbers to produce a new number. The four basic operations of arithmetic are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
3. Fraction: A fraction is a way of representing a part of a whole. It consists of two numbers, a numerator and a denominator, separated by a horizontal line. The numerator represents the number of parts, and the denominator represents the total number of parts in the whole.
4. Decimal: A decimal is a number that is expressed in base 10 and is represented by a series of digits, with a decimal point separating the whole number part from the fractional part.
5. Percentage: A percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. It is represented by the symbol “%” and is often used to express changes in quantities or to compare different quantities.

Examples:

1. Addition: 5 + 3 = 8
2. Subtraction: 10 – 5 = 5
3. Multiplication: 3 x 4 = 12
4. Division: 12 / 3 = 4
5. Fractions: 3/4 + 1/2 = 5/4

Quiz:

1. What is the result of 2 + 3? 5
2. What is the result of 8 – 3? 5
3. What is the result of 4 x 5? 20
4. What is the result of 12 / 3? 4
5. What is the result of 3/4 + 1/2? 5/4
6. What is the result of 5% of 100? 5
7. What is the result of 25% of 200? 50
8. What is the result of 50% of 500? 250
9. What is the result of 75% of 800? 600
10. What is the result of 90% of 1000? 900